Are two sets of data genuinely different, or is it because of randomness? This question, known as the two-sample testing problem, becomes notoriously difficult in modern datasets, because they are ...

Abstract: Independent component analysis (ICA) is widely applied in remote sensing signal processing. Among various ICA algorithms, the modified semidefinite programming (MSDP) algorithm stands out.

Abstract: This study makes significant contributions to the field by examining the transformative role of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) in advancing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), ...