Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

An asset's standard deviation tells you how much its returns vary from its average. You can quickly calculate or look up the standard deviation of different assets. A high standard deviation can ...

Elysse Bell is a finance and business writer for Investopedia. She writes about small business, personal finance, technology, and more. Erika Rasure is globally-recognized as a leading consumer ...

Complex formulas may look impressive, but readable logic, helper columns, and reusable functions create spreadsheets that actually hold up.